Food waste generates three types of impacts: environmental, economic, social and ethical. Let's see in detailwhat it is about.

Environmental impact

• Greater use of fertilizers and other chemical products: If you waste you have to maintain a high overall volume of production and to do that use large amounts of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals petroleum derived

This involves:

- intoxication of workers;

- progressive soil desiccation;

- pollution of rivers, lakes, oceans, and aquifers;

- the presence of chemicals in food.

• CO2 and methane emissions into the atmosphere: here too the increasing volumes of production leads to the increasing of carbon dioxide and methane emissions, greenhouse gases responsible for the increase in average temperature in Earth’s atmosphere (global warming). Let us keep in mind, by the way, that the emissions occur at three different stages: production, transportation and finally waste disposal.
  
  

• Increase in the volume of waste: waste, increases the overall amount of waste material produced, a phenomenon which in itself has a strong environmental impact because most of disposal systems in use today presents criticalities. In particular, it is well known that landfills tend to pollute aquifers and incinerators produce fine particles whose effect on health, although not considered harmful, it is difficult to consider innocuous. We should then allocate the organic waste for composting.

• Struggling to cope with the increase in food demand resulting from population growth: according to demographers in the year 2050 the world population will reach its peak, while after that date it will begin to decline.In numbers, it is estimated that by 2050 our ' little planet ' will host more than 7 billion people, with a food demand reaching up to 70% of the present demand.
  The problem is, if we keep wasting food at this rate by 2050 we will be forced to increase our food production to feed the growing world population, thus exacerbating all the undesirable consequences expounded in this section. On the contrary, by reducing the rate of waste we could mitigate the effects of food demand growth within tolerable limits.

• The water crisis: the agricultural and food industry absorbs, globally, around 70% of the available water resources. It seems clear how waste as well as more and more ‘draining’ eating habits greatly contribute to aggravate water scarcity, occurring both as a result of global warming, and pollution of many reservoirs, by the increasing demand from emerging economies and by the problem of water dispersions in the aqueduct networks.

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  Environmental impact

Economic consequences

• Decrease in income: if we spend money to buy food that we are not consuming, we find ourselves unable to use that money to meet needs (housing, education, health, clothing, etc..), to the detriment of our lifestyle and the general economy. 

• Increasing cost of waste disposal: food waste generate a large amount avoidable waste material whose disposal concurs to the high cost of the service as well as to the level of the corresponding tax levy.

• Unnecessary energy consumption: throw away edible food means a dual energy waste: the one contained in the product and the one that is used in the production process. A loss that becomes triple when you need to consume energy during disposal of the other food became waste. 

Ethical and social consequences

• World hunger problem: according to the World Health Organization, approximately 870 million people (virtually 1 out of 8) do not eat enough to be considered healthy. It is unacceptable if we consider the technological progress and the current production capacity of the industrial agriculture. 

  Considering that about a third of the global food production ends up in the garbage, it is clear that a strong reduction of waste and careful policy of reallocation of the available food resources could drastically reduce the problem of world hunger. We sadly acknowledge the global governance currently incapacity to effectively organize to achieve this goal.

• Poor quality diet of weakest segment of the population: the phenomenon of food waste keeps up a high demand level; therefore, those who handle the offer can keep prices at a mid/high range. This applies especially to high-quality products that are becoming less accessible to those segments of the population, which, because of the crisis, have entered the category of 'new poor'. As a result, the rich (who, meanwhile, are getting richer) keep on maintaining a high standard of living, while the poor (individuals or groups) are forced to eat less and, worst of all, to follow an unhealthy diet. It is no coincidence that today, for the first time in human history, the poor are fatter than the rich because they feed on junk.

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